Mantanha de Mogun-Taiga / Bacia de Ubs Nuur, Rússia

A Bacia de Ubs Nuur, que cobre uma área de mais de um milhão de hectares, é a bacia fechada mais setentrional da Ásia Central.

Tira o seu nome ao grande lago de Ubs Nuur, pouco profundo e muito salgado, que desempenha um papel muito importante na vida das aves migratórias, tanto fluviais e lacustres como marinhas.

O sítio, dividido em doze áreas protegidas, compreende uma vasta gama de ecossistemas que representam os principais biomas da Eurásia oriental.

O ecossistema das estepes alberga uma grande variedade de aves e nas zonas desérticas vivem ratos do deserto (jerbilos), jerboas e uma espécie rara de doninhas marmóreas. As zonas montanhosas servem de refúgio ao leopardo das neves, espécie em vias de extinção, bem como a ovelhas da montanha (argalis) e o ibex asiático.

FR:

Le Bassin d’Ubs Nuur, qui couvre une surface de plus de un million d’hectares, est le bassin fermé le plus septentrional d’Asie centrale. Il tire son nom de l’Ubs Nuur, un grand lac peu profond et très salé, qui joue un rôle important dans la vie des oiseaux migrateurs, tant aquatiques que marins. Le site, divisé en douze aires protégées, comprend une vaste gamme d’écosystèmes qui représentent les principaux biomes de l’Eurasie orientale. L’écosystème steppique entretient une riche diversité d’oiseaux et le désert un certain nombre de gerbilles, gerboises et putois marbrés rares. Les montagnes sont d’importants refuges pour le léopard des neiges (une espèce menacée), l’argali et le bouquetin d’Asie.

EN:

The Uvs Nuur Basin (1,068,853 ha), is the northernmost of the enclosed basins of Central Asia. It takes its name from Uvs Nuur Lake, a large, shallow and very saline lake, important for migrating birds, waterfowl and seabirds. The site is made up of twelve protected areas representing the major biomes of eastern Eurasia. The steppe ecosystem supports a rich diversity of birds and the desert is home to a number of rare gerbil, jerboas and the marbled polecat. The mountains are an important refuge for the globally endangered snow leopard, mountain sheep (argali) and the Asiatic ibex.

Outstanding Universal Value

Criterion (ix): The remote and enclosed salt lake system of Uvs Nuur with its high degree of naturalness is of international scientific importance due to its large-scale undisturbed climatic, hydrological and ecological processes and phenomena. Because of the relatively stable past and contemporary pastoral use of the grasslands and the absence of conversion or major human impacts over thousands of years, it constitutes a unique field site for a great variety of subjects, including research into the ongoing development of Uvs Nuur and other smaller lakes within the basin, and the still intact processes of long term lake salinisation and eutrophication. In addition to important past and current research efforts on both sides of the border and in recognition of its unique geophysical and biological characteristics, the Uvs Nuur Basin has also been selected as a field site for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGPB), a global effort to monitor and understand global change.

Criterion (x): The serial property conserves the most valuable areas representing the much larger Uvs Nuur Basin, across an enormous range of ecosystems and habitats, including along a major altitudinal gradient. The diversity represents the major biomes of Central Asia with a corresponding floral and faunal diversity. There are important areas of different forest types and highly specialized vegetation in high altitudes, tundra systems and dry land ecosystems, including species and communities adapted to saline conditions. The more than 550 higher plants include relict species and a number of plants endemic to Mongolia and the Tuva Republic, with five species endemic to the lake basin. The various ecosystems support a rich faunal diversity, such as the argali sheep, Siberian ibex, Pallas's cat and the elusive and globally endangered snow leopard. The numerous rodents are of major ecological importance and include two vulnerable jerboa species and gerbil. The many ecological niches are occupied by an impressive density of breeding raptors. The property is also of major importance for waterfowl, as well as a stepping stone in the bird migration between Siberia and wintering ranges in China and South Asia.

UNESCO site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/769    »    texts in Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish and  Japanese.

Sítio funerário da Idade do Bronze de Sammallahdenmäki, Finlândia

Este cemitério da Idade do Bronze, com cerca de trinta túmulos funerários de, constitu testemunho incomparável das práticas fúnebres e das estruturas sociais e religiosas da Europa do Norte há mais de três milénios.

FR:

La trentaine de tumulus funéraires en granit du cimetière de l'âge du bronze de Sammallahdenmäki constituent un témoignage exceptionnel des pratiques funéraires et des structures sociales et religieuses de l'Europe du Nord d'il y a plus de trois millénaires.

EN:

This Bronze Age burial site features more than 30 granite burial cairns, providing a unique insight into the funerary practices and social and religious structures of northern Europe more than three millennia ago.

Outstanding Universal Value

Criterion (iii): The Sammallahdenmäki cairn cemetery bears exceptional witness to the society of the Bronze Age of Scandinavia.

Criterion (iv): The Sammallahdenmäki cemetery is an outstanding example of Bronze Age funerary practices in Scandinavia.

souce: UNESCO site

UNESCO site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/579   »   texts in Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish and  Japanese.

Costa Alta e Arquipélago de Kvarken, Suécia e Finlândia

O Arquipélago de Kvarken (Finlandia) e a Costa Alta (Suécia) situam-se no Golfo de Botnia, prolongamento do Mar Báltico para norte.

As suas 5.600 ilhas e ilhéus do Arquipélago de Kvarken singularizam-se pelas curiosas morenas de picos ondulados, as morenas de Geer formadas pelo derretimento da camada de gelo continental ocorrido nos últimos 10.000 a 24.000 anos.

Neste arquipélago emergem continuamente novas ilhas devido a uma elevação glácio-isostática rápida, fenómeno que ocorre quando os terrenos comprimidos pelo peso de um glaciar se elevam quando este se derrete. O índice de elevação do arquipélago é um dos mais elevados do mundo.

Como consequência do avanço das terras do litoral, as ilhas surgem das águas y unem-se, a superfície das penínsulas aumenta e as baías acabam formando lagos, que despois se  convertem em pântanos e  turfas pantanosas.

A Costa Alta também se configurou em grande medida pela conjunção da glaciação, do recuo dos glaciares  e pela emergência de novas terras.

Desde o recuo final dos glaciares da Costa Alta há 9.600 anos, a elevação da ordem dos 285 metros, constitui o maior  “ressalto” jamais observado.

A Costa Alta constitui um sítio excepcional para a compreensão dos processos geológicos que que conduziram à  formação dos glaciares e das zonas de elevação da  superfície da Terra.

FR:

L’archipel de Kvarken (Finlande) et la Haute côte (Suède) sont situés dans le golfe de Botnie, qui prolonge la mer Baltique vers le nord. Les 5 600 îles et îlots se singularisent principalement par les curieuses moraines à crête bosselées, ou moraines de Geer, formées par la fonte de la nappe de glace continentale composées il y a entre 10 000 et 24 000 ans. L’archipel de Kvarken s’élève de manière continue du niveau de la mer du fait d’un relèvement glacio-isostatique rapide, lorsqu’une terre précédemment comprimée par le poids d’un glacier se relève après la disparition de ce dernier, fait de ce taux de relèvement dans la région l’un des plus élevés au monde.

Du fait de l’avancée du littoral, des îles apparaissent et s’unissent, des péninsules grandissent, des lacs se forment depuis les baies et deviennent des marais et des fagnes tourbeuses. La Haute côte a aussi été largement façonnée par l’association de processus de glaciation, de recul des glaciers et d''émergence de nouvelles terres. Depuis le retrait final des glaces de la Haute côte, il y a 9 600 ans, le relèvement est de l''ordre de 285 m, ce qui correspond au « rebond » manifeste le plus important jamais observé. La Haute côte est un site exceptionnel pour la compréhension des processus importants qui ont formé les glaciers et les zones de relèvement de la surface de la Terre.

EN:

The Kvarken Archipelago (Finland) and the High Coast (Sweden) are situated in the Gulf of Bothnia, a northern extension of the Baltic Sea. The 5,600 islands of the Kvarken Archipelago feature unusual ridged washboard moraines, ‘De Geer moraines’, formed by the melting of the continental ice sheet, 10,000 to 24,000 years ago. The Archipelago is continuously rising from the sea in a process of rapid glacio-isostatic uplift, whereby the land, previously weighed down under the weight of a glacier, lifts at rates that are among the highest in the world. As a consequence islands appear and unite, peninsulas expand, and lakes evolve from bays and develop into marshes and peat fens. The High Coast has also been largely shaped by the combined processes of glaciation, glacial retreat and the emergence of new land from the sea. Since the last retreat of the ice from the High Coast 9,600 years ago, the uplift has been in the order of 285 m which is the highest known ''rebound''. The site affords outstanding opportunities for the understanding of the important processes that formed the glaciated and land uplift areas of the Earth''s surface.

Outstanding Universal Value

Criterion (viii): The High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago is of exceptional geological value for two main reasons. First, both areas have some of the highest rates of isostatic uplift in the world, meaning that the land still continues to rise in elevation following the retreat of the last inland ice sheet, with around 290 m of land uplift recorded over the past 10,500 years. The uplift is ongoing and is associated with major changes in the water bodies in post-glacial times. This phenomenon was first recognized and studied here, making the property a key area for understanding the processes of crustal response to the melting of the continental ice sheet. Second, the Kvarken Archipelago, with its 5,600 islands and surrounding sea, possesses a distinctive array of glacial depositional formations, such as De Geer moraines, which add to the variety of glacial land- and seascape features in the region. It is a global, exceptional and diverse area for studying moraine archipelagos. The High Coast and the Kvarken Archipelago represent complementary examples of post-glacial uplifting landscapes.

souce: UNESCO site

UNESCO site:   http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/898  » texts in Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish and  Japanese

Complexo de Palácios de Changdeokgung, Coreia

No início de século XVI o rei Taejong ordenou que fosse construído um novo palácio no local propício. Foi criada uma oficina para a construção do conjunto dos edifícios oficiais e residenciais, edificados num jardim sabiamente adaptado à topografia irregular do situo numa área de 58 hectares.  O resultado é um exemplo excepcional da arquitectura palaciana do Extremo Oriente, harmoniosamente integrada na paisagem circundante.

FR:

Au début du XVe siècle, le roi Taejong a ordonné la construction d'un nouveau palais dans un lieu propice. Un office de construction du palais a été établi afin de créer cet ensemble constitué d'un certain nombre de bâtiments officiels et résidentiels édifiés dans un jardin minutieusement adapté à la topographie irrégulière du site, d'une superficie de 58 ha. Le résultat est un exemple exceptionnel de la conception extrême-orientale de l'architecture des palais, harmonieusement intégrée à son cadre naturel.

EN:

In the early 15th century, the King Taejong ordered the construction of a new palace at an auspicious site. A Bureau of Palace Construction was set up to create the complex, consisting of a number of official and residential buildings set in a garden that was cleverly adapted to the uneven topography of the 58-ha site. The result is an exceptional example of Far Eastern palace architecture and design, blending harmoniously with the surrounding landscape.

Outstanding Universal Value

Criterion (ii): Changdeokgung had a great influence on the development of Korean architecture, garden design and landscape planning, and related arts for many centuries.

Criterion (iii): Changdeokgung exemplifies the traditional pungsu principles and Confucianism through its architecture and landscape. The site selection and setting of the palace were based upon pungsu principles, whilst the buildings were laid out both functionally and symbolically in accordance to Confucian ideology that together portrays the Joseon Dynasty’s unique outlook on the world. 

Criterion (iv): Changdeokgung is an outstanding example of East Asian palace architecture and garden design, exceptional for the way in which the buildings are integrated into and harmonized with the natural setting, adapting to the topography and retaining indigenous tree cover.

souce: UNESCO site

UNESCO site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/816   » texts in Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish and  Japanese, media.

Fortaleza e Sítio Histórico Nacional em San Juan, Porto Rico

Durante os séculos XV a XIX, foram construídas no mar das Caraíbas um conjunto de estruturas defensivas com o objectivo de proteger a cidade e a estratégica Baía de San Juan.

Estas fortificações são um bom exemplo da arquitectura militar europeia  adaptada às zonas portuárias do continente americano.

FR:
Point stratégique de la mer des Caraïbes, la baie de San Juan s'est couverte du XV^e au XIX^e siècle d'ouvrages défensifs qui présentent un répertoire varié de l'architecture militaire européenne adaptée aux sites portuaires du continent américain.

EN:
Between the 15th and 19th centuries, a series of defensive structures was built at this strategic point in the Caribbean Sea to protect the city and the Bay of San Juan. They represent a fine display of European military architecture adapted to harbour sites on the American continent.

Statement of Significance

Criterion (vi): La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site outstandingly illustrate the adaptation to the Caribbean context of European developments in military architecture from the 16th to 20th centuries. They represent the continuity of more than four centuries of architectural, engineering, military, and political history.
souce: UNESCO site

UNESCO site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/266  » texts in Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish and  Japanese, media.

Santuários e Templos de Nikko, Japão

Os Santuários e Templos de Nikko, bem como a paisagem natural que  os envolve, constituem há muitos séculos um lugar sagrado reconhecidos pelas suas obras-primas arquitectónicas e decorativas. Econtram-se indissociavelmente ligados à história dos shoguns Tokugawa.

FR:

Les sanctuaires et temples de Nikko, ainsi que le cadre naturel qui les entoure, constituent depuis des siècles un lieu sacré où se sont élevés des chefs-d'œuvre d'architecture et de décoration artistique. Ils sont étroitement liés à l'histoire des shoguns Tokugawa.

EN:

The shrines and temples of Nikko, together with their natural surroundings, have for centuries been a sacred site known for its architectural and decorative masterpieces. They are closely associated with the history of the Tokugawa Shoguns.

Outstanding Universal Value

Criterion (i): The Nikko shrines and temples are a reflection of architectural and artistic genius; this aspect is reinforced by the harmonious integration of the buildings in a forest and a natural site laid out by people.

Criterion (iv): The Nikko shrines and temples is a perfect illustration of the architectural style of the Edo period as applied to Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples. The Gongen-zukuristyle of the two mausoleums, the Tôshôgû and the Taiyû-in Reibyô, reached the peak of its expression in the Nikko shrines and temples, and was later to exert a decisive influence. The ingenuity and creativity of its architects and decorators are revealed in an outstanding and distinguished manner.

Criterion (vi): The Nikko shrines and temples, together with their environment, are an outstanding example of a traditional Japanese religious centre, associated with the Shinto perception of the relationship of man with nature, in which mountains and forests have a sacred meaning and are objects of veneration, in a religious practice that is still very much alive today.

souce: UNESCO site

UNESCO site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/913  » texts in Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish and  Japanese, media.

Construções Palafitas Pré-históricas nos Alpes (Alemanha, Áustria, Eslovénia, França, Itália e Suiça)

O postal mostra o Lago de Constança, na Alemanha (Lac de Constance Lake)

Este bem agrupa 111 sítios situados nos Alpes e à volta, onde se encontram vestígios de instalações palafitas (sobre estacas)  pré-históricas. Datando de cerca de 5.000 a cerca de 500 anos antes de Cristo, situam-se nas margens de lagos, de rios ou de terras pantanosas.

As escavações arqueológicas, efectuadas somente em alguns locais, proporcionaram conhecimentos que dão uma visão da vida quotidiana na Europa alpina no Neolítico e na Idade do Bronze e o modo como as comunidades interagiam com o ambiente. Cinquenta e seis sítios encontram-se na Suíça.

Estes estabelecimentos constituem um grupo único de sítios arqueológicos particularmente ricos e bem conservados, constituindo uma das mais importantes fontes para o estudo das primeiras sociedades agrárias da região.

FR:

Ce bien en série regroupe 111 sites où se trouvent des vestiges d'établissements préhistoriques palafittiques (sur pilotis) dans et autour des Alpes. Datant d'environ 5 000 à environ 500 av. J.-C., ils sont situés sur les bords de lacs, de rivières ou de terres marécageuses. Seul un petit nombre ont été fouillés mais ils ont fourni des éléments qui donnent un aperçu de la vie quotidienne dans l'Europe alpine du Néolithique et de l'Age de bronze, ainsi que des informations sur la façon dont les communautés interagissaient avec leur environnement. Cinquante-six sites se trouvent en Suisse. Ces établissements constituent un groupe unique de sites archéologiques particulièrement riches et très bien conservés ; ils représentent des sources importantes pour l'étude des premières sociétés agraires de la région.

EN:

This serial property of 111 small individual sites encompasses the remains of prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements in and around the Alps built from around 5000 to 500 B.C. on the edges of lakes, rivers or wetlands. Excavations, only conducted in some of the sites, have yielded evidence that provides insight into life in prehistoric times during the Neolithic and Bronze Age in Alpine Europe and the way communities interacted with their environment. Fifty-six of the sites are located in Switzerland. The settlements are a unique group of exceptionally well-preserved and culturally rich archaeological sites, which constitute one of the most important sources for the study of early agrarian societies in the region.

Outstanding Universal Value

Criterion (iv): The series of pile dwelling sites are one of the most important archaeological sources for the study of early agrarian societies in Europe between 5,000 and 500 BC. The waterlogged conditions have preserved organic matter that contributes in an outstanding way to our understanding of significant changes in the Neolithic and Bronze Age history of Europe in general, and of the interactions between the regions around the Alps in particular.

Criterion (v): The series of pile dwelling sites has provided an extraordinary and detailed insight into the settlement and domestic arrangements of pre-historic, early agrarian lake shore communities in the Alpine and sub-Alpine regions of Europe over almost 5,000 years. The revealed archaeological evidence allows an unique understanding of the way these societies interacted with their environment, in response to new technologies, and also to the impact of climate change.

souce: UNESCO site

UNESCO site:  http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1363  » texts in Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Spanish and Japanese.